Positive behaviour in the early years : perceptions of staff, service providers and parents in managing and promoting positive behaviour in early years and early primary settings

The full report of research into positive behaviour in the early years: perceptions of staff, service providers and parents in managing and promoting positive behaviour in early years and early primary settings

Sorcery and witchcraft in their social setting, with special reference to the Northern Rhodesian Cewa

ONLY HALF OF PAGES SCA

The Autism Toolbox : An Autism Resource for Scottish Schools

The Autism Toolbox will draw upon a range of practice experience, literature and research to offer guidance for authorities and schools providing for children and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

From hypertext to hype and back again: exploring the roots of social media in the early web

Preprint of chapter from the SAGE Handbook of Social Media (Burgess, Marwick and Poell, eds., 2018). "How should we think of the relationship between social media and the early web, and what can we learn from this history?

Meeting the needs of children from birth to three : research evidence and implications for out-of-home provision

In 2001 the Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) commissioned Professor Colwyn Trevarthen and a team of colleagues to review the research evidence on the development of children from birth to three years old, and to consider the implications of that evidence for the provision of care outwith the home. Incorporating the findings of 30 years of intensive academic research on the development of communication and thinking in infants and toddlers, the review provided an overview of the ways in which adults can contribute to children's development from the earliest stages, the kinds of adult attention and care that are beneficial and the characteristics of out-of-home provision that meets young children's changing needs. This Insight report offers an overview of the conclusions reached in the review, paying particular attention to the implications of the evidence for practitioners and policy makers

Sparrows can't sing : East End kith and kinship in the 1960s

Sparrows Can’t Sing (1963) was the only feature film directed by the late and much lamented Joan Littlewood. Set and filmed in the East End, where she worked for many years, the film deserves more attention than it has hitherto received. Littlewood’s career spanned documentary (radio recordings made with Ewan MacColl in the North of England in the 1930s) to directing for the stage and the running of the Theatre Royal in London’s Stratford East, often selecting material which aroused memories in local audiences (Leach 2006: 142). Many of the actors trained in her Theatre Workshop subsequently became better known for their appearances on film and television. Littlewood herself directed hardly any material for the screen: Sparrows Can’t Sing and a 1964 series of television commercials for the British Egg Marketing Board, starring Theatre Workshop’s Avis Bunnage, were rare excursions into an area of practice which she found constraining and unamenable (Gable 1980: 32). The hybridity and singularity of Littlewood’s feature may answer, in some degree, for its subsequent neglect. However, Sparrows Can’t Sing makes a significant contribution to a group of films made in Britain in the 1960s which comment generally on changes in the urban and social fabric. It is especially worthy of consideration, I shall argue, for the use which Littlewood made of a particular community’s attitudes – sentimental and critical – to such changes and for its amalgamation of an attachment to documentary techniques (recording an aural landscape on location) with a preference for nonnaturalistic delivery in performance

Interventions to prevent non-critical care hospital acquired pneumonia – a systematic review

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia is a significant burden to healthcare systems around the world. Although there is a considerable body of evidence on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia, less is known about strategies to prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-critical care settings. Objective: To systematically review the randomised controlled trial evidence for prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-critical care settings. Methods: We searched EMBASE, CINAHL+, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Seventeen different searches were conducted in parallel through each database. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials reporting hospital-acquired pneumonia as an endpoint. Studies were excluded if they were performed in critical care or community settings. All studies published up to the end of December 2014 were considered, with no language restrictions. Data were independently extracted by two authors and the Delphi risk of bias tool was applied to assess trial quality. Results: Five thousand one hundred and one titles were identified across 17 searches. Only two studies were eligible for inclusion in the final review, one from a search of physical therapy interventions and one from a search of enteral feeding. The heterogeneity of the interventions did not permit meta-analysis. One trial suggested possible benefits to early mobilisation; the other trial suggested no benefit or harm from early enteral feeding via nasogastric tube. Both trials enrolled patients with acute stroke. No trials in non-stroke, non-critical care populations were eligible for inclusion in the review. Conclusions: There is currently insufficient trial evidence on preventing non-critical care hospital-acquired pneumonia to make recommendations on practice.</p

A new technique for assessing arterial pressure wave forms and central pressure with tissue Doppler

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive assessment of arterial pressure wave forms using applanation tonometry of the radial or carotid arteries can be technically challenging and has not found wide clinical application. 2D imaging of the common carotid arteries is routinely used and we sought to determine whether arterial waveform measurements could be derived from tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the carotid artery. METHODS: We studied 91 subjects (52 men, age 52 ± 14 years) with and without cardiovascular disease. Tonometry was performed on the carotid artery simultaneously with pulsed wave Doppler of the LVOT and acquired digitally. Longitudinal 2D images of the common carotid artery with and without TDI were also acquired digitally and both TDI and tonometry were calibrated using mean and diastolic cuff pressure and analysed off line. RESULTS: Correlation between central pressure by TDI and tonometry was excellent for maximum pressure (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001). The mean differences between central pressures derived by TDI and tonometry were minimal (systolic 5.36 ± 5.5 mmHg; diastolic 1.2 ± 1.2 mmHg). CONCLUSION: Imaging of the common carotid artery motion with tissue Doppler may permit acquisition of a waveform analogous to that from tonometry. This method may simplify estimation of central arterial pressure and calculation of total arterial compliance